Examining the Life Cycle: Summary and Further Reading
We have seen in this module the need to take a holistic approach to improving sustainability within the pharmaceutical industry and examine the product as a whole, throughout its entire lifecycle and not solely focusing on the API.
Recommended reading:
Environmental Classification of Pharmaceutical Substances (Last accessed: September 2022)
S. Aldridge, Industry backs Biocatalysis for greener manufacturing, Nature Biotechnology, 2013, 31, 95-96.
W. De Soete, L. Boone, F. Willemse, E. De Meyer, B. Heirman, H. Van Langenhove and J. Dewulf, Environmental resource footprinting of drug manufacturing: Effects of scale-up and tablet dosage, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2014, 91, 82-88.
Novartis in Society (Last accessed: September 2022)
- Examining the Life Cycle
- Drivers Towards Whole-process Thinking
- Challenges in Effecting Change
- LCA Examples
- Primary Manufacturing
- Secondary Manufacturing
- Packaging
- Pharmaceuticals in the Environment (PIE)
- Appendix: Carbon Footprinting Assumptions
- Examining the Life Cycle: Quiz
- Examining the Life Cycle: Summary and Further Reading
- The Fate of APIs
- Benign by Design
- Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading