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Background to Green Chemistry
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Critical Elements
Renewable Resources
Solvents
Guides and Metrics
Solvent Selection Guides
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Metrics
Solvents
Use of Solvents
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Telescoping
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading
Synthetic Toolbox
Route Selection
Base metal Catalysis
Biocatalysis
Multicomponent Reactions
C-H Activation
Carbonylation
C-F Bond Formation
Flow Chemistry
Amidation
Synthetic Biology
CHEM21 Publications
Process Design
Route Selection
GMP
Introduction to Process Engineering
Route Selection and Scale Up: Case Study and Exercise
Process Safety
Reactive Hazards in Scaling Up: Case Study and Exercise
Reaction Work-up and Product Isolation
Design of Experiments
Environmental Legislation
Abatement and Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Impacts
Examining the Life Cycle
The Fate of APIs
Benign by Design
Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading
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Home
Foundation
Background to Green Chemistry
Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
Critical Elements
Renewable Resources
Solvents
Guides and Metrics
Solvent Selection Guides
Reagent Guides
Metrics
Solvents
Use of Solvents
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Telescoping
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading
Synthetic Toolbox
Route Selection
Base metal Catalysis
Biocatalysis
Multicomponent Reactions
C-H Activation
Carbonylation
C-F Bond Formation
Flow Chemistry
Amidation
Synthetic Biology
CHEM21 Publications
Process Design
Route Selection
GMP
Introduction to Process Engineering
Route Selection and Scale Up: Case Study and Exercise
Process Safety
Reactive Hazards in Scaling Up: Case Study and Exercise
Reaction Work-up and Product Isolation
Design of Experiments
Environmental Legislation
Abatement and Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Impacts
Examining the Life Cycle
The Fate of APIs
Benign by Design
Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading
About
Contact
Home
Solvents
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Quiz
Which of the following processes in the pharmaceutical industry typically use solvents?
*
Select All
Dissolution of reagents
Clinical trials
Cleaning of equipment
Purification of product
Transport
Analytical assessment of product purity
Assessment of physical properties of product
Which of the following are strategies to reduce the environmental impact of solvents?
*
Select All
Remove all processes that use solvents
Recycling of solvent
Reduce volume of solvent used in a process where possible
Use only non-volatile solvents
Avoid complex solvent mixtures
Use solvent for fuel after use
Use of water instead of organic solvent
What practical considerations need to be taken into account when selecting a solvent?
*
Select All
Chemical properties
Safety/stability
Toxicity
Environmental issues
Quality
Physical properties
Cost
Legislative restrictions
Which of the following penalties can occur as a result of unpermitted solvent release to the atmosphere?
*
Select All
Blocking supply of the solvent in question
The company/facility being fined
Barring sale of the product arising from the process
Shutting down of a process or facility
Sealing up of exhaust flues
Which of the following are advantages of CO2 as a solvent?
*
Select All
Cheap
Readily available
Chemically inert
Non-toxic
Tuneable properties
Easy to remove
Which of the following are disadvantages of supercritical CO2?
*
Select All
Non-renewable
Requires high pressure
Flammable
Requires specialist equipment
Doesn't cover full spectrum of solvent parameters
Requires high temperature
Which of the following are advantages of ionic liquids?
*
Select All
Widely used in industry
Many options available
Safety Data Sheet information very well known
Low volatility
Recyclable
Which of the following are disadvantages of ionic liquids?
*
Select All
Arising from multiple synthetic steps
Expensive
Recycling typically requires other solvent usage
Highly flammable
Potentially toxic
Excessive use of critical elements
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Use of Solvents
Solvent Usage in the Pharmaceutical Industry
What Factors Are Taken Into Consideration When Selecting a Solvent?
Survey of Solvent Use
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Case Study: Chlorinated Solvents
Case Study: Dipolar Aprotic Solvents
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Bio-derived Solvents
Aqueous Reactions
Carbon Dioxide
Ionic Liquids
Solvent-less Reactions
CHEM21 Case Study: Biocatalysis in Bio-derived Solvents
Telescoping
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading