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Background to Green Chemistry
Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Critical Elements
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Solvents
Use of Solvents
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Telescoping
Case Studies Underpinned by the Considered Use of Solvents
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading
Synthetic Toolbox
Route Selection
Base metal Catalysis
Biocatalysis
Multicomponent Reactions
C-H Activation
Carbonylation
C-F Bond Formation
Flow Chemistry
Amidation
Synthetic Biology
CHEM21 Publications
Process Design
Route Selection
GMP
Introduction to Process Engineering
Route Selection and Scale Up: Case Study and Exercise
Process Safety
Reactive Hazards in Scaling Up: Case Study and Exercise
Reaction Work-up and Product Isolation
Design of Experiments
Environmental Legislation
Abatement and Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Impacts
Examining the Life Cycle
The Fate of APIs
Benign by Design
Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading
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Home
Foundation
Background to Green Chemistry
Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
Critical Elements
Renewable Resources
Guides and Metrics
Solvent Selection Guides
Reagent Guides
Metrics
Solvents
Use of Solvents
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Telescoping
Case Studies Underpinned by the Considered Use of Solvents
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading
Synthetic Toolbox
Route Selection
Base metal Catalysis
Biocatalysis
Multicomponent Reactions
C-H Activation
Carbonylation
C-F Bond Formation
Flow Chemistry
Amidation
Synthetic Biology
CHEM21 Publications
Process Design
Route Selection
GMP
Introduction to Process Engineering
Route Selection and Scale Up: Case Study and Exercise
Process Safety
Reactive Hazards in Scaling Up: Case Study and Exercise
Reaction Work-up and Product Isolation
Design of Experiments
Environmental Legislation
Abatement and Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Impacts
Examining the Life Cycle
The Fate of APIs
Benign by Design
Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading
About
Contact
Home
Solvents
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Quiz
Why is water commonly not used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry?
*
Water is an unreactive solvent
Pharmaceutical intermediates are poorly soluble in water
The boiling point of water is too low
Contaminated waste streams are easy to clean up
All bio-derived solvents are
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Non-toxic
Green
Renewable
Safe
The solvent properties of supercritical CO2 can be modified by
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Changing the pressure
All of the above
Adding a co-solvent
Changing the temperature
Ionic liquids are often classified as green due to their
*
Application in a variety of reactions
Non-volatility
Synthesis
End-of-life issues
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Use of Solvents
What Factors Are Taken Into Consideration When Selecting a Solvent?
Use of Hazardous Solvents
Solvent Selection
Survey of Solvent Use
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Bio-derived Solvents
Aqueous Reactions
Carbon Dioxide
Switchable Solvents
Ionic Liquids
Solvent-less Reactions
Case Study: Synthesis of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Water
Case Study: Biocatalysis in Bio-derived Solvents
Telescoping
Case Studies Underpinned by the Considered Use of Solvents
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading