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Background to Green Chemistry
Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Critical Elements
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Solvents
Guides and Metrics
Solvent Selection Guides
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Solvents
Use of Solvents
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Telescoping
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading
Synthetic Toolbox
Route Selection
Base metal Catalysis
Biocatalysis
Multicomponent Reactions
C-H Activation
Carbonylation
C-F Bond Formation
Flow Chemistry
Amidation
Synthetic Biology
CHEM21 Publications
Process Design
Route Selection
GMP
Introduction to Process Engineering
Route Selection and Scale Up: Case Study and Exercise
Process Safety
Reactive Hazards in Scaling Up: Case Study and Exercise
Reaction Work-up and Product Isolation
Design of Experiments
Environmental Legislation
Abatement and Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Impacts
Examining the Life Cycle
The Fate of APIs
Benign by Design
Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading
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Home
Foundation
Background to Green Chemistry
Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
Critical Elements
Renewable Resources
Solvents
Guides and Metrics
Solvent Selection Guides
Reagent Guides
Metrics
Solvents
Use of Solvents
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Telescoping
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading
Synthetic Toolbox
Route Selection
Base metal Catalysis
Biocatalysis
Multicomponent Reactions
C-H Activation
Carbonylation
C-F Bond Formation
Flow Chemistry
Amidation
Synthetic Biology
CHEM21 Publications
Process Design
Route Selection
GMP
Introduction to Process Engineering
Route Selection and Scale Up: Case Study and Exercise
Process Safety
Reactive Hazards in Scaling Up: Case Study and Exercise
Reaction Work-up and Product Isolation
Design of Experiments
Environmental Legislation
Abatement and Waste Treatment
Life Cycle Impacts
Examining the Life Cycle
The Fate of APIs
Benign by Design
Life Cycle Impacts: Summary and Further Reading
About
Contact
Home
Solvents
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Quiz
Why is water commonly not used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry?
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Contaminated waste streams are easy to clean up
The boiling point of water is too low
Pharmaceutical intermediates are poorly soluble in water
Water is an unreactive solvent
All bio-derived solvents are
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Safe
Renewable
Non-toxic
Green
The solvent properties of supercritical CO2 can be modified by
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All of the above
Adding a co-solvent
Changing the temperature
Changing the pressure
Ionic liquids are often classified as green due to their
*
Application in a variety of reactions
End-of-life issues
Non-volatility
Synthesis
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Use of Solvents
Solvent Usage in the Pharmaceutical Industry
What Factors Are Taken Into Consideration When Selecting a Solvent?
Survey of Solvent Use
Issues Surrounding Solvent Use
Solvent Guides
Solvent Recovery
Alternative Solvents
Bio-derived Solvents
Aqueous Reactions
Carbon Dioxide
Ionic Liquids
Solvent-less Reactions
CHEM21 Case Study: Biocatalysis in Bio-derived Solvents
Telescoping
Solvents: Quiz
Solvents: Study Exercises
Solvents: Summary and Further Reading